Also, run up against or run into. Encounter something, especially a difficulty, unexpectedly. For example, We didn't know we'd run up against so much opposition, or He ran into trouble with his taxes. [ Late 1300s ]
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Work against, as in Public sentiment ran against her. [ Late 1300s ]
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Oppose for elective office, as in Susan decided to run against a very popular incumbent. This usage is a figurative application of running in a footrace. [ First half of 1800s ]